Announcing Entity Framework Core (EF Core) 5.0 Preview 8

Today, the Entity Framework Core team announces the eighth and final preview release of EF Core 5.0. The next release will be a release candidate (RC). This release includes table-per-type (TPT) mapping, table-valued functions, SQLite table rebuilds for migrations and much more.

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    | |  | | | | (_| | | | |   <  | |_| | (_) | |_| |  _   _   _ 
    |_|  |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_|_|\_\  \__, |\___/ \__,_| (_) (_) (_)
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The EF Core team gives a warm thanks to the nearly 100 community contributors to EF Core 5.0.

Prerequisites

EF Core 5.0 will not run on .NET Standard 2.0 platforms, including .NET Framework.

• The previews of EF Core 5.0 require .NET Standard 2.1.
• This means that EF Core 5.0 will run on .NET Core 3.1 and does not require .NET 5.

To summarize: EF Core 5.0 runs on platforms that support .NET Standard 2.1.

The product will maintain .NET Standard 2.1 compatibility through the final release.

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How to get EF Core 5.0 previews

EF Core is distributed exclusively as a set of NuGet packages. For example, to add the SQL Server provider to your project, you can use the following command using the dotnet tool:

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer --version 5.0.0-preview.8.20407.4

This following table links to the preview 8 versions of the EF Core packages and describes what they are used for.

Package	Purpose
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore	The main EF Core package that is independent of specific database providers
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer	Database provider for Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Azure
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.NetTopologySuite	SQL Server support for spatial types
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite	Database provider for SQLite that includes the native binary for the database engine
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite.NetTopologySuite	SQLite support for spatial types
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Cosmos	Database provider for Azure Cosmos DB
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory	The in-memory database provider
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools	EF Core PowerShell commands for the Visual Studio Package Manager Console; use this to integrate tools like scaffolding and migrations with Visual Studio
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design	Shared design-time components for EF Core tools
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Proxies	Lazy-loading and change-tracking proxies
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Abstractions	Decoupled EF Core abstractions; use this for features like extended data annotations defined by EF Core
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational	Shared EF Core components for relational database providers
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Analyzers	C# analyzers for EF Core

We also published the 5.0 preview 8 release of the Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.Core provider for ADO.NET.

Installing the EF Core Command Line Interface (CLI)

As with EF Core 3.0 and 3.1, the EF Core CLI is no longer included in the .NET Core SDK. Before you can execute EF Core migration or scaffolding commands, you’ll have to install this package as either a global or local tool.

To install the preview tool globally the first time, use:

dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.0-preview.8.20407.4

If you already have the tool installed, update it with:

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.0-preview.8.20407.4

It’s possible to use this new version of the EF Core CLI with projects that use older versions of the EF Core runtime.

---

What’s New in EF Core 5 Preview 8

We maintain documentation covering new features introduced into each preview.

Some of the highlights from preview 8 are called out below. This preview also includes several bug fixes.

Table-per-type (TPT) mapping

By default, EF Core maps an inheritance hierarchy of .NET types to a single database table. This is known as table-per-hierarchy (TPH) mapping. EF Core 5.0 also allows mapping each .NET type in an inheritance hierarchy to a different database table; known as table-per-type (TPT) mapping.

For example, consider this model with a mapped hierarchy:

public class Animal
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Species { get; set; }
}

public class Pet : Animal
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

public class Cat : Pet
{
    public string EdcuationLevel { get; set; }
}

public class Dog : Pet
{
    public string FavoriteToy { get; set; }
}

By default, EF Core will map this to a single table:

CREATE TABLE [Animals] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [Species] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [Discriminator] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [EdcuationLevel] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [FavoriteToy] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Animals] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
);

However, mapping each entity type to a different table will instead result in one table per type:

CREATE TABLE [Animals] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [Species] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Animals] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
);

CREATE TABLE [Pets] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Pets] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Pets_Animals_Id] FOREIGN KEY ([Id]) REFERENCES [Animals] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION
);

CREATE TABLE [Cats] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL,
    [EdcuationLevel] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Cats] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Cats_Animals_Id] FOREIGN KEY ([Id]) REFERENCES [Animals] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION,
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Cats_Pets_Id] FOREIGN KEY ([Id]) REFERENCES [Pets] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION
);

CREATE TABLE [Dogs] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL,
    [FavoriteToy] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Dogs] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Dogs_Animals_Id] FOREIGN KEY ([Id]) REFERENCES [Animals] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION,
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Dogs_Pets_Id] FOREIGN KEY ([Id]) REFERENCES [Pets] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION
);

Note that creation of the foreign key constraints shown above were added after branching the code for preview 8.

Entity types can be mapped to different tables using mapping attributes:

[Table("Animals")]
public class Animal
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Species { get; set; }
}

[Table("Pets")]
public class Pet : Animal
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

[Table("Cats")]
public class Cat : Pet
{
    public string EdcuationLevel { get; set; }
}

[Table("Dogs")]
public class Dog : Pet
{
    public string FavoriteToy { get; set; }
}

Or using ModelBuilder configuration:

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Animal>().ToTable("Animals");
    modelBuilder.Entity<Pet>().ToTable("Pets");
    modelBuilder.Entity<Cat>().ToTable("Cats");
    modelBuilder.Entity<Dog>().ToTable("Dogs");
}

Documentation is tracked by issue #1979.

Migrations: Rebuild SQLite tables

Compared to other database, SQLite is relatively limited in its schema manipulation capabilities. For example, dropping a column from an existing table requires that the entire table be dropped and re-created. EF Core 5.0 Migrations now supports automatic rebuilding the table for schema changes that require it.

For example, imagine we have a Unicorns table created for a Unicorn entity type:

public class Unicorn
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

CREATE TABLE "Unicorns" (
    "Id" INTEGER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_Unicorns" PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    "Name" TEXT NULL,
    "Age" INTEGER NOT NULL
);

We then learn that storing the age of a unicorn is considered very rude, so let’s remove that property, add a new migration, and update the database. This update will fail when using EF Core 3.1 because the column cannot be dropped. In EF Core 5.0, Migrations will instead rebuild the table:

CREATE TABLE "ef_temp_Unicorns" (
    "Id" INTEGER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_Unicorns" PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    "Name" TEXT NULL
);

INSERT INTO "ef_temp_Unicorns" ("Id", "Name")
SELECT "Id", "Name"
FROM Unicorns;

PRAGMA foreign_keys = 0;

DROP TABLE "Unicorns";

ALTER TABLE "ef_temp_Unicorns" RENAME TO "Unicorns";

PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1;

Notice that:

• A temporary table is created with the desired schema for the new table
• Data is copied from the current table into the temporary table
• Foreign key enforcement is switched off
• The current table is dropped
• The temporary table is renamed to be the new table

Documentation is tracked by issue #2583.

Table-valued functions

This feature was contributed from the community by @pmiddleton. Many thanks for the contribution!

EF Core 5.0 includes first-class support for mapping .NET methods to table-valued functions (TVFs). These functions can then be used in LINQ queries where additional composition on the results of the function will also be translated to SQL.

For example, consider this TVF defined in a SQL Server database:

create FUNCTION GetReports(@employeeId int)
RETURNS @reports TABLE
(
    Name nvarchar(50) not null,
    IsDeveloper bit not null
)
AS
begin
    WITH cteEmployees AS
    (
        SELECT id, name, managerId, isDeveloper
        FROM employees
        WHERE id = @employeeId
        UNION ALL
        SELECT e.id, e.name, e.managerId, e.isDeveloper
        FROM employees e
        INNER JOIN cteEmployees cteEmp ON cteEmp.id = e.ManagerId
    )

    insert into @reports
    select name, isDeveloper
    FROM cteEmployees
    where id != @employeeId

    return
end

The EF Core model requires two entity types to use this TVF:

• An Employee type that maps to the Employees table in the normal way
• A Report type that matches the shape returned by the TVF

public class Employee
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public bool IsDeveloper { get; set; }

    public int? ManagerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Employee Manager { get; set; }
}

public class Report
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public bool IsDeveloper { get; set; }
}

These types must be included in the EF Core model:

modelBuilder.Entity<Employee>();
modelBuilder.Entity(typeof(Report)).HasNoKey();

Notice that Report has no primary key and so must be configured as such.

Finally, a .NET method must be mapped to the TVF in the database. This method can be defined on the DbContext using the new FromExpression method:

public IQueryable<Report> GetReports(int managerId)
    => FromExpression(() => GetReports(managerId));

This method uses a parameter and return type that match the TVF defined above. The method is then added to the EF Core model in OnModelCreating:

modelBuilder.HasDbFunction(() => GetReports(0));

(Using a lambda here is an easy way to pass the MethodInfo to EF Core. The arguments passed to the method are ignored.)

We can now write queries that call GetReports and compose over the results. For example:

from e in context.Employees
from rc in context.GetReports(e.Id)
where rc.IsDeveloper == true
select new
{
  ManagerName = e.Name,
  EmployeeName = rc.Name,
})

On SQL Server, this translates to:

SELECT [e].[Name] AS [ManagerName], [g].[Name] AS [EmployeeName]
FROM [Employees] AS [e]
CROSS APPLY [dbo].[GetReports]([e].[Id]) AS [g]
WHERE [g].[IsDeveloper] = CAST(1 AS bit)

Notice that the SQL is rooted in the Employees table, calls GetReports, and then adds an additional WHERE clause on the results of the function.

Flexible query/update mapping

EF Core 5.0 allows mapping the same entity type to different database objects. These objects may be tables, views, or functions.

For example, an entity type can be mapped to both a database view and a database table:

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder
        .Entity<Blog>()
        .ToTable("Blogs")
        .ToView("BlogsView");
}

By default, EF Core will then query from the view and send updates to the table. For example, executing the following code:

var blog = context.Set<Blog>().Single(e => e.Name == "One Unicorn");

blog.Name = "1unicorn2";

context.SaveChanges();

Results in a query against the view, and then an update to the table:

SELECT TOP(2) [b].[Id], [b].[Name], [b].[Url]
FROM [BlogsView] AS [b]
WHERE [b].[Name] = N'One Unicorn'

SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Blogs] SET [Name] = @p0
WHERE [Id] = @p1;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

Context-wide split-query configuration

Split queries (see below) can now be configured as the default for any query executed by the DbContext. This configuration is only available for relational providers, and so must be specified as part of the UseProvider configuration. For example:

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    => optionsBuilder
        .UseSqlServer(
            Your.SqlServerConnectionString,
            b => b.UseQuerySplittingBehavior(QuerySplittingBehavior.SplitQuery));

Documentation is tracked by issue #2407.

PhysicalAddress mapping

This feature was contributed from the community by @ralmsdeveloper. Many thanks for the contribution!

The standard .NET PhysicalAddress class is now automatically mapped to a string column for databases that do not already have native support. For more information, see the examples for IPAddress below.

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Daily builds

EF Core previews are aligned with .NET 5 previews. These previews tend to lag behind the latest work on EF Core. Consider using the daily builds instead to get the most up-to-date EF Core features and bug fixes.

As with the previews, the daily builds do not require .NET 5; they can be used with GA/RTM release of .NET Core 3.1.

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Contribute to .NET 5

The .NET documentation team is reorganizing .NET content to better match the workloads you build with .NET. This includes a new .NET Data landing page that will link out to data-related topics ranging from EF Core to APIs, Big Data, and Machine learning. The planning and execution will be done completely in the open on GitHub. This is your opportunity to help shape the hierarchy and content to best fit your needs as a .NET developer. We look forward to your contributions!

The EF Core Community Standup

The EF Core team is now live streaming every other Wednesday at 10am Pacific Time, 1pm Eastern Time, or 17:00 UTC. Join the stream to ask questions about the EF Core topic of your choice, including the latest preview release.

• Visit the .NET Community Standup page to preview upcoming shows and view recordings from past shows
• Suggest a guest or project, including your own by posting to the linked discussion
• You can also request an EF Core demo

Documentation and Feedback

The starting point for all EF Core documentation is docs.microsoft.com/ef/.

Please file issues found and any other feedback on the dotnet/efcore GitHub repo.

Helpful Short Links

The following short links are provided for easy reference and access.

Main documentation: https://aka.ms/efdocs

Issues and feature requests for EF Core: https://aka.ms/efcorefeedback

Entity Framework Roadmap: https://aka.ms/efroadmap

What’s new in EF Core 5.x? https://aka.ms/efcore5

---

Thank you from the team

A big thank you from the EF team to everyone who has used EF over the years!

Arthur Vickers	Andriy Svyryd	Brice Lambson	Jeremy Likness
Maurycy Markowski	Shay Rojansky	Smit Patel

---

Thank you to our contributors!

A big thank you to the following community members who have already contributed code or documentation to the EF Core 5 release! (List is in chronological order of first contribution to EF Core 5).

aevitas	Alaa Masoud	Aleksandar Manukov	Amr Badawy
Anthony Monterrosa	Ben Brandt	Ben McCallum	Clarence Cai
Christophe Gijbels	Jiri Cincura	Vincent Costel	Dmitry Shuvaev
Eric St-Georges	Erik Ejlskov Jensen	Christopher Davis	Ivaylo Kenov
Jacob Foshee	Jeremy Zagorski	Jacob Viau	Max K.
lohoris-crane	Loïc Sharma	lokalmatador	Marius Gundersen
Roman Marusyk	Matthias Lischka	MaxG117	MHDuke
Mike Surcouf	Neil Bostrom	Nícolas Michels	Obi Oberoi
Josh Studt	Ozan Topal	Paul Middleton	Raj
Peter Huang	Rafael Almeida Santos	Patrik Husfloen	Richard Marskell
sguitardude	Sam Hobbs	Sven	Vlad
vslee	liweihan	Youssef Victor	1iveowl
Thomas Levesque	Aleksander Kovač	Leonid Tsarev	Konstantin Triger
Ivan Maximov	Dzmitry Lahoda	Bruno Logerfo	Josh Withee
Frans Bouma	Matthew Lieder	Paulo Morgado	Mickaël Derriey
Laurence King	Oskar Josefsson	bdebaere	Bhargavi Annadevara
Alexander Täschner	Jesse Hufstetler	Ivar Løvlie	cucoreanu
Kirk Larkin	Svyatoslav Danyliv	Toni Wenzel	manvydasu
Brandon Scott	Thomas Ryan	Aaron Gunther	Jon Louie
Mohsin Nasir	Bálint Szabó	Martin Boye Petersen	Duje Đaković< /td>
Matt Soucoup	Saeed Ganji	Ashkan Abd	Christopher Haws
Sergei Khlebnikov	Kaloyan Kostov	bide45	Joseph Portaro
Mike Wodarczyk	Jeffrey Svajlenko	Jonathan	Massimo Giambona
Turner Bass

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